Types of Modelling

  In auto cad their are three types of modelling.

 

            1.    2-D wireframe modelling

            2.     Surface modelling

            3.     3-D  modelling

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Content

• Intoduction to Modelling

• Visual Styles

• 2-D Wireframe Modelling Command

• Cad1

• 2-D Wireframe Modelling Editing Command

• Surface Modelling Command

• 3-D Universal Co-ordinate System

• 3-D Modelling Command

• 3-D Modelling Editing Command

• Rendering and Presentation

Introduction to Modelling

2-D Wireframe Modelling -

Wireframe modelling is a simplest type of modelling.In this type of modelling the object is displayed by interconnecting lines.The edge of object are shown by straight line and curved surface by contour lines.



Surface Modelling -

In lines number of cases, shape of a solid object can be specified completly by describing its boundary.The boundary of an solid object may consist of surface which are bounded by straight lines and curve, either singly or in combination.

3-D Modelling -

  
This is the most powerful method of Three dimensional representation. In this technique models are represented as solid.Mass properties such as area,volume,weight,centre of gravity of models can be determined quickly. Solid modelling also helps in interference checking of moving parts and straight analyse the action of parts in three dimensional complex assemblies.

Visual Styles

Visual styles control the display of edges, lighting, and shading.

Control the effect of a visual style by changing its properties. When you apply a visual style or change its settings, the associated viewport is automatically updated to reflect those changes.

The Visual Styles Manager displays all styles available in the drawing. Settings for the selected style are displayed in the panel below the sample images.

From the ribbon, you can change some frequently used settings or open the Visual Styles Manager.

The following predefined visual styles are supplied with the product:

• 2D Wireframe. Displays objects using lines and curves to represent the boundaries.

• Conceptual. Displays objects using smooth shading and the Gooch face style. The Gooch face style transitions between cool and warm colors, rather than dark and light. The effect is less realistic, but it can make the details of the model easier to see.

• Hidden. Displays objects using wireframe representation and hides lines representing back faces.

• Realistic. Displays objects using smooth shading and materials.

• Shaded. Displays objects using smooth shading.

• Shaded with Edges. Displays objects using smooth shading and visible edges.

• Shades of Gray. Displays objects using smooth shading and monochromatic shades of gray.

• Sketchy. Displays objects with a hand-sketched effect by using the Line Extensions and Jitter edge modifiers.

• Wireframe. Displays objects using lines and curves to represent the boundaries.

• X-ray. Displays objects with partial transparency.

2-D Wireframe Modelling Command

       2D wireframe modelling

• · Line  -            

      L enter                                        

      (x,y) cordinate enter
      For ex -   
      L enter                                                                
      (0,0) enter                                                         

      or  (10,0) enter  

      or (15,3)  enter                                                                 

• ·  Circle(radius) -  (Circle using radius)

        C enter                                                   

        click center

        radius value enter                                

          

• ·  Circle(diameter)- (circle using diameter)

        C enter                                                          

        click center

        D enter

        diameter value enter

• ·  Erase-  (used to delete object)

        E enter

        select object 

        enter

• ·  Move-  ( used to move object)

        M enter

        Select object                                           

        enter

        click base point

        click displacement point

• · Rotate-  (to rotate around a point)

       RO enter

       select object 

       enter

       click base point

       give rotation angle

       enter

                     

                  

• ·  Zoom Extent - fit object to screen

       Z enter

       E enter

• · Regenerate - to remove graphical error

       RE enter

• · Offset - for making parallel object

       O enter

       Enter offset distance

       Click object

       Click direction

• ·  Trim - to remove intersecting part of object

       TR enter enter

       Click intersecting part

• ·  Copy - to copy object

         CO enter

         Select object enter

         Click base point

         Click displacement point

• ·  Mirror - to create opposite image   object

        MI enter

        Select object enter

        Click two points for mirror line 
        enter

• · Rectangle - to create rectangle.

       REC enter

       Click start point

       @length,width enter

       REC enter

       Click start point

       D enter

       Length value enter

       Width value enter

       Click end point direction

           

•  Rectangular  Array - To create multiple copies of object in horizontal and vertical  direction.
             

        Ar enter
        Select rectangular array
        Click Select object button
        Select object enter
        Give no of row & coloum
        Offset distance 
        Ok
      

•   Polar array - To create multiple object around a centr

        Ar enter                             
       Select polar array
       Click select object 
       Select object enter
       Click cener point button
       Select center point
       Select method option
        Give number of items 
        Angle to fill &angle b/w item
        Ok

•   Polygon - To create polygon

        POL enter
        Number of sides enter
        Click center point
        I/C enter  [I - inscribed and C - circumscribed]
         Radius value enter
             

•   Scale - To increase/decrease size of object

        sc enter
        Select onject enter
        Click base point
        Scale value enter

           

•   List - To get basic details of object

          LI enter
          Select object enter

•    Distance - To measure distance b/w two points

           DI enter
           Click two points

•     Solid - To fill rectangular and triangular object

            SO enter
            Click as follows

•      Polyline - To draw a single selected line

              PL enter

•      Spline - To draw a curved line

             SPL enter
             Click points
              Enter enter enter

    

•   Properties - To open properties window

           Ctrl+ 1 or PR enter

•   Fillet - To round the corner

           F enter
           R enter
           Radius value enter
           Click corner lines

•   Stretch - To incerase/ Decrease dimension of a      rectangular object

         S enter

         Select object half by crossing window

         Enter

         Click base point

         Mouse direction

          Length of stretch enter

•     Scale - To incerase/ Decrease size of a object

         SC enter

         Select object enter

         Click base point

          Scale value enter

•     Donut - To fill circular object

          DO enter

         Inside diameter 

          Enter

          Outside  diameter

          Enter

          Click center point

         Units - to set units

         UN enter

         Select unit and length type

          Ok

        Group -  To make group of object single                     selected

         G enter

         Give group name

        Click new

         Select object enter

          Ok

•      Properties - To open properties window

           Ctrl - 1 / PR enter

•     Boundary - To create region or make object               single select

          BO enter

          Enter

         Click internal close area 

         Enter

•     Explode - required a polyedit object or block             model 

          X enter

          Select object

           Enter

•      Multiline -

          ML enter

           Draw multiline

•      Calculator -

         QC enter

                            

2-D Wireframe Editing Command

• Cut - To cut the object

     Ctrl+X

     Select object

     paste

• Copy - To copy object

     Ctrl+C

     Select object

     paste

• Copy with base point -

     Ctrl+shift+C

     Click base point

     Select object

     Enter

• Paste as block -

     Ctrl+shift+V

     Click base point

• Model Space command - To activate Model

     MS enter

• Paper space command - To activate paper

     PS enter

• Print (plot) - Set all setting of paper

      Ctrl+P or plot enter

     

• View slide -  Make a slide show

     V Slide enter

     Select slide

     Open

• Slide show - Zoom object on screen

     

      M slide Enter

      Save to my document

• To run script -

     Click tools

     Click run script

      Select script

      Open